Environmental baseline studies for geothermal developments

Abstract

Environmental Baseline Study (EBS) is vital in predicting and evaluating potential environmental impacts of geothermal developments prior to any development. An EBS helps to understand existing environmental conditions thus defining the focus of the environmental impact analysis and resources that need protection through appropriate and viable mitigation measures. A number of national and international environmental policies and multilateral lending agencies regulations require description of existing environment that might be affected by potential development. The study process entails a scoping exercise by multi-disciplinary group of experienced specialists for the key environmental issues. Based on the valued ecosystem components, the study scope should cover, but not limited to issues such as climatic conditions, drainage and water resources, soils, flora, fauna, air quality, noise, land use, land tenure and socioeconomic aspects. Baseline environmental information is assembled through collection and analysis of existing data; carrying out specific field studies and community consultation programmes. Impacts arising from geothermal development could be physical, chemical, biological and socioeconomic impacts. With such potential impacts, impact prediction process becomes relevant in both EBS and Environmental Impact Assessment Studies. Techniques used in impact prediction include: Checklists, Matrices, Networks and Flowcharts, Mathematical/Statistical Models, Maps and Geographical Information System (GIS) and Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). With impacted predicted, mitigation measures should be in place to help avoid and minimize the potential impacts. Baseline monitoring is also required to provide effective feedback for specific environmental aspects. After the study the final EBS document need to be comprehensive, precise and accurate with uncertainties clearly stated.